Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Springs



Important types of springs

Helical compression or tension springs

Helical torsion springs

Spiral springs

Leaf springs

Belliville springs


End connections for compression springs

Plain
Ground
Squared
Squared and ground


Spring ends for tension springs

Full loop
Small eye
Plain square cut ends
Long round end hook
V hook

Separate spring ends

3 different types were given as figures in the book.

Monday, April 22, 2019

Milling Machine Operations - 1



Speeds and Feeds of Milling Cutters


How To Calculate Speeds and Feeds (Metric Version) - Haas Automation Tip of the Day

________________

________________

How to calculate speeds and feeds. You get the formulas and a step-by-step method for doing the calculations. You  also get an explanation of each term and some great animations to tie it all together. 

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Materials - Manufacturing Processes for Design Subject


1. Introduction
2. General Considerations
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials of Construction
4. Determination of Mechanical Properties
5, Processing Methods - Hot Working Processes

Lathe Machine Operations - 1




Essential Machining Skills: Working with a Lathe, Part One

It is an MIT Video

Open Source Machine Tools
______________

______________


The video starts with explaining the parts of a lathe machine.


Interesting way of cutting keyway on lathe


How to make KEYWAY on the LATHE
Made in Poland
Published on 27 Feb 2019

______________

______________

A fixture to hold the shaft on tool holder is made. The milling cutter is placed in the head stock and and the shaft is moved on the tool holder. The keyway is made in a simple way. But making the fixture is interesting. Making the fixture was also shown in the video.



CNC Machine Lathe Working Complete Crankshaft 

Technology Making An Aerospace Component
LA Machines
______________

______________

The component having multiple diameters, spirals etc.

Machining a Cube on a Lathe

machiningmoments

Happy to come across this video. We did this for our graduate project 40 years back.
______________

______________

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2ygW0fSnjg

Somebody commented
My father was taught to be a machinist in the Navy before WW II, his final test was a cube accurate to ± 0.001 using only a lathe.


Attachments are less costly to buy and do an operation when the utilization of full machine will be low.

TOOL POST GRINDER ATTACHMENT TO LATHE

_______________

_______________

THE VIDEO DEMONSTRATES THE USE OF 8" DIA WHEEL TOOL POST GRINDER  ATTACHMENT MOUNTED ON A 6FT PATHAK BRAND LATHE MACHINE.
Uploaded by PATHAK - THE MACHINERY PEOPLE


Saturday, April 20, 2019

Machine Tools and Machining Operations



From S.B. Mathur, A Course in Mechanical Engineering (Conventional & Objective)

Lathe

Shaper

Planer

Slotter

Milling Machine

Drilling Machines

Boring Machines

Grinding

Gear Manufacturing





Lathe

Lathe Operations

1. Turning
2. Taper turning
3. Thread cutting
4. Chamfering
5. Knurling
6. Facing
7. Grooving
8. Forming
9. Filing
10. Polishing
11. Reaming
12. Drilling
13. Boring

Shaper

Planer

Slotter

Milling Machine

Milling Machine Operations

Peripheral Milling
  UpMilling
  DownMilling

Face Milling
End Milling

Plain Milling
Side Milling
Straddle Milling
Gang Milling
Profile Milling
Form Milling

Thread Milling
Cam Milling
Helical Milling
Gear Cutting
Saw Milling

Drilling Machines

Drilling Machine Operations

Drilling
Reaming
Boring
Counter Boring
Countersinking

Boring Machines

Grinding


Types of Grinding

1. Rough or non-precision grinding
2. Precision grinding

Kinds of Precision Grinding

1. External cylindrical grinding
2. Internal cylindrical grinding
3. Surface grinding
4. Form grinding

Gear Manufacturing

Different Methods

Formed Cutter Method

Templet Method

Generating Methods


Updated  21 April 2019, 18 April 2019

Friday, April 19, 2019

Welding Handbook - American Welding Society - 10th Edition


Welding Handbook - American Welding Society - 10th Edition

Table of Contents
PART I — THE SCIENCE OF WELDING, CUTTING, AND ALLIED PROCESSES
CHAPTER 1 – SURVEY OF JOINING, CUTTING, AND ALLIED PROCESSES
Introduction
Joining Processes
Resistance Welding
Cutting Processes
Thermal Spraying
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 2 – PHYSICS OF WELDING AND CUTTING
Introduction
Fusion and Solid-State Welding
Energy Sources for Welding
Arc Characteristics
Metal Transfer
Melting Rates
Physical Properties of Metals and Shielding Gases
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 3 – HEAT FLOW IN WELDING
Introduction
Fundamentals of Heat Flow
Quantitative Calculation of Heat Transfer in Fusion Welding
Conduction of Heat during Fusion Welding
Convective Heat Transfer in the Weld Pool
Relative Importance of Conduction and Convection
Heat Flow in Dissimilar Welding
Heat Flow in Solid-State Welding
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 4 – WELDING METALLURGY
Introduction
Physical Metallurgy
Metallurgy of Welding
Weldability of Some Commercial Alloys
The Brazed or Soldered Joint
Corrosion in Weldments
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 5 – DESIGN FOR WELDING
Introduction
Connection Design
Basics of Welded Connections
Principles of Connection Design
Economics of Welding
Quality and Connection Design Detailing
Detailing of Welds
Sizing of Steel Welds
Special Conditions
Other Alloys
Examples
Conclusion
Bibliography
PART II — DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 6 – SYMBOLS FOR JOINING AND INSPECTION
Introduction
Fundamentals
Weld Symbols
Welding Symbols
Welding Symbols for Specific Weld Types
Brazing Symbols
Soldering Symbols
Nondestructive Examination Symbols
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 7 – RESIDUAL STRESS AND DISTORTION
Introduction
Fundamentals
Nature and Causes of Residual Stress
Effects of Residual Stress
Measurement of Residual Stress in Weldments
Residual Stress Distribution Patterns in Typical Welds
Effects of Welding Sequence on Residual Stress
Residual Stress and Distortion in Welds Made with Different Welding Processes
Computational Weld Modeling
Weld Distortion
Reducing or Controlling Residual Stress and Distortion
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 8 – ECONOMICS OF WELDING AND CUTTING
Introduction
The Cost Estimate
Economics of Welding
Automated and Robotic Systems
Economics of Resistance Spot Welding
Capital Investment in Welding Automation and Robotics
Control of Welding Costs
Economics of Brazing and Soldering
Economics of Thermal Cutting
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
PART III — AUTOMATION OF JOINING PROCESSES
CHAPTER 9 – MECHANIZED, AUTOMATED, AND ROBOTIC WELDING
Introduction
Mechanized Welding and Cutting
Automated Welding
Robotic Welding
Planning for Automated and Robotic Welding
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 10 – WELDMENT TOOLING AND POSITIONING
Introduction
Fixtures
Positioners
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 11 – MONITORING AND CONTROL OF WELDING AND JOINING PROCESSES
Introduction
Principles of Monitoring and Control
Sensing Devices
Process Instrumentation
Process Monitoring Systems
Process Control Systems
Monitoring and Control Systems
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
PART IV — QUALITY, TESTING STANDARDS, AND METHODS
CHAPTER 12 – WELD QUALITY
Introduction
Defining Weld Quality
Overview of Weld Discontinuities
Discontinuities Associated with Fusion Welding
Discontinuities Associated with Resistance Welding
Discontinuities Associated with the Solid-State Welding Processes
Discontinuities in Brazed and Soldered Joints
Significance of Weld Discontinuities
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 13 – TEST METHODS FOR EVALUATING WELDED JOINTS
Introduction
Testing for Strength
Hardness Testing
Bend Testing
Fracture Toughness Testing
Fatigue Testing
Corrosion Testing
Creep and Rupture Testing
Testing of Thermal Spray Applications
Weldability Testing
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 14 – WELDING INSPECTION AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
Introduction
Personnel Qualifications
The Inspection Plan
Nondestructive Examination
Metallographic Examination Methods
Inspection of Brazed and Soldered Joints
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 15 – PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION
Introduction
Welding and Brazing Procedure Specifications
Qualification of Welding and Brazing Procedures
Performance Qualification
Standardization of Qualification Requirements
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List
CHAPTER 16 – CODES AND OTHER STANDARDS
Introduction
Types of Regulatory Documents
Standards-Developing Organizations and Welding-Related Publications
Guidelines for Participating in International Standards Activities
Conclusion
Supplementary Reading List
PART V — SAFETY AND HEALTH
CHAPTER 17 – SAFE PRACTICES
Introduction
Safety Management
Protection of the Work Area
Personal Protective Equipment
Protection against Fumes and Gases
Safe Handling of Compressed Gases
Protection against Electromagnetic Radiation
Electrical Safety
Fire Prevention and Protection
Explosion Prevention
Process-Specific Safety Considerations
Safety in Robotic Operations
Conclusion
Bibliography
Supplementary Reading List


https://www.aws.org/publications/page/10th-edition-volume-1

Brazing

The Brazing Process

Torch Brazing

Resistance Brazing

Furnace Brazing

Dip Brazing

Dip Brazing

Silver Brazing


The Brazing Process

The temperature at which  brazing  material melts should be above 1000 degree F. This temperature  at which brazing has to be done has to be well below the melting point of the parts to be joined. We have to note that  in welding both material to be welded have to be brought to melting temperature.

Torch Brazing

Resistance Brazing

Furnace Brazing

Dip Brazing

Dip Brazing

Silver Brazing




Soldering Process



Solder Technology

The Soldering Process

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM)



EDM removes metal by the process of controlled spark erosions.

Numerical Control of Machine Tools



Economics

NC Systems

NC Machines

Jigs and Fixtures for Productivity and Quality



Jig

Fixture

Principles of Design

Location

Clamping

Jig and Fixture Types


Template Jig

Plate Jig

Channel Jig

Box Jig

Diameter Jig

Ring Jig

Leaf Jig





Jig

Fixture

Principles of Jig and Fixture Design


1. They have to as robust as possible to withstand forces in cutting in the case of turning, milling or boring.

2. In the case of drilling jigs, jigs have to be as light as possible.

3. They have to be as simple in construction consistent with core performance.

4. The location task should be as quick as possible.

5. Clamping also has to be as quick as possible.

6. The design must provision for easy disposal of swarf and should not allow swarf to accumulate on locating points

7. Poka yoke or fool proofing features have to be incorporated (point included in the book published in 1983.)


Location


Locating Arrangements

Flat locator
Cylindrical locator
Jack Pin locator
Conical locator
Drill bush locator
Fixed or sliding V-locator


Clamping


Types of Clamps

Flat Clamp
Screw Clamp
Pivoted
Latch Clamp
Cam Clamp
Swing Plate Clamp
Wedge Clamp


Jig and Fixture Types


Template Jig

Plate Jig

Channel Jig

Box Jig

Diameter Jig

Ring Jig

Leaf Jig


Jigs and Fixtures For Machine Shops
nptelhrd
_________________

_________________

Design and Applications of Jigs and Fixtures
nptelhrd
_________________


_________________

In this video we take a look at a couple of simple shop built jigs and fixtures used to perform a difficult operation.
oxtoolco
_________________

_________________

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Welding



Forge Welding

Spot Welding

Seam Welding

Projection Welding

Butt Welding

Percussion Welding

Fusion Welding

Arc Welding

Submerged Welding

Thermite Welding

Friction Welding

Ultrasonic Welding

Gas Welding

Cutting

Metal Casting Processes



Sand Casting

Centrifugal Casting

Continuous Casting

Drawing - Metal Forming

Hot Drawing

Cold Drawing

Wire Drawing

Shear Forming

Stretch Forming

Metal Forming - Forging



Smith Forging

Drop Forging

Hot Press Forging

Upset Forging

Swaging

Roll Forging

Cold Forging

Cold Heading

Riveting

Staking

Hobbing or Hubbing

Coining

Embossing

Shot Peening

Extrusion

Impact Extrusion

Cold Extrusion


Summary of the Processes

Smith Forging

Drop Forging

Hot Press Forging

Upset Forging

Swaging

Roll Forging

Cold Forging

Cold Heading

Riveting

Staking

Hobbing or Hubbing

Coining

Embossing

Shot Peening

Extrusion

Impact Extrusion

Cold Extrusion

Metal Forming - Rolling



METAL FORMING

Rolling

Hot Rolling of Metal

Cold Rolling

Seaming

Thread Rolling

Engineering Mathematics - GATE Production & IE Syllabus Section 1

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Mean value theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.
Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Taylor series.
Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, single and multi-step methods for differential equations. 

General Engineering - GATE Production & IE Syllabus Section 2

Section 2: General Engineering

Engineering Materials: Structure and properties correlation;engineering materials (metals, ceramics, polymers and composites) – properties and applications; stress- strain behavior of metals and alloys;iron-carbon phase diagram, heat treatment of metals and alloys, its influence on mechanical properties.

Applied Mechanics: Engineering mechanics – equivalent force systems, free body concepts, equations of equilibrium; trusses; strength of materials – stress, strain and their relationship; failure theories, Mohr’s circle(stress), deflection of beams, bending and shear stress, Euler’s theory of columns.

Theory of Machines and Design: Analysis of planar mechanisms, cams and followers; governors and fly wheels;

Design:  design of bolted, riveted and welded joints; interference/shrink fit joints; design of shafts, keys, spur gears, belt drives, brakes and clutches; pressure vessels.

Thermal and Fluids Engineering: Fluid mechanics – fluid statics, Bernoulli’s equation, flow through pipes, equations of continuity and momentum, capillary action, contact angle and wetting;

Thermodynamics – zeroth, first and second law of thermodynamics, thermodynamic system and processes, calculation of work and heat for systems and control volumes; air standard cycles; heat transfer – basic applications of conduction, convection and radiation.


Quality and Reliability - GATE Production & IE Syllabus Section 5

Section 5: Quality and Reliability

Metrology and Inspection: Limits, fits, and tolerances, gauge design, interchangeability, selective assembly; linear, angular, and form measurements(straightness, squareness, flatness, roundness, and cylindricity) by mechanical and optical methods; inspection of screw threads and gears; surface finish measurement by contact and non-contact methods;tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly.

Quality management: Quality – concept and costs; quality assurance; statistical quality control, acceptance sampling, zero defects, six sigma; total quality management; ISO 9000.

Reliability and Maintenance: Reliability, availability and maintainability; distribution of failure and repair times; determination of MTBF and MTTR, reliability models; determination of system reliability; preventive maintenance and replacement.

Operations research and Operations management - GATE Production & IE Syllabus Section 7



Section 7: Operations research and Operations management

Operation Research: Linear programming – problem formulation, simplex method, duality and sensitivity analysis; transportation and assignment models; network flow models, constrained optimization and Lagrange multipliers; Markovian queuing models; dynamic programming; simulation – manufacturing applications.

Engineering Economy and Costing: Elementary cost accounting and methods of depreciation; break-even analysis, techniques for evaluation of capital investments, financial statements, time-cost trade-off, resource leveling.

Production control: Forecasting techniques – causal and time series models, moving average, exponential smoothing, trend and seasonality; aggregate production planning; master production scheduling; MRP and MRP-II; routing, scheduling and priority dispatching; Push and pull production systems, concept of JIT manufacturing system; Logistics, distribution, and supply chain management; Inventory – functions, costs, classifications, deterministicinventory models, quantity discount; perpetual and periodic inventory control systems.

Project management – PERT and CPM. 

Industrial Engineering - GATE Production & IE Syllabus Section 6

Section 6: Industrial Engineering

Product Design and Development: Principles of good product design, tolerance design; quality and cost considerations; product life cycle; standardization, simplification, diversification, value engineering and analysis, concurrent engineering;comparison of production alternatives.

Work System Design: Taylor’s scientific management, Gilbreths’s contributions; productivity – concepts and measurements; methodstudy, micro-motion study, principles of motion economy; work measurement –time study, work sampling, standard data, PMTS; ergonomics; job evaluation, merit rating, incentive schemes, and wage administration.

Facility Design: Facility location factors and evaluation of alternate locations; types of plant layout and their evaluation; computer aided layout design techniques; assembly line balancing; materials handling systems. 

Manufacturing Processes I - GATE Production & IE Syllabus Section 3

Section 3: Manufacturing Processes I

Casting: types of casting processes and applications; patterns – types and materials; allowances; moulds and cores – materials, making, and testing; casting
techniques of cast iron, steels and nonferrous metals and alloys; analysis ofsolidification andmicrostructure development; design of gating and riser; origin of defects.

Metal Forming: Stress-strain relations in elastic and plastic deformation; concept of flow stress; hot and cold working – forging, rolling, extrusion and wire drawing; sheet metal working processes – blanking, bending and deep drawing; ideal work and slab analysis;origin of metal workingdefects.

Joining of materials: Principles of fusion welding processes(manual metal arc, MIG, TIG, plasma arc, submerged arc welding processes)–different heat sources (flame, arc, resistive, laser, electron beam), and heat transfer and associated losses, flux application, feeding of filler rod; Principles of solid state welding processes (friction, explosive welding, ultrasonic welding processes); Principles of adhesive, brazing and soldering processes; Origins of welding defects.

Powder processing: Production of metal/ceramic powders, compaction and sintering of metals and ceramic powders.

Polymers and Composites: Plastic processing – injection, compression and blow molding, extrusion, calendaring and thermoforming; molding of composites.

Manufacturing Processes II - GATE Production & IE Syllabus Section 4




Section 4: Manufacturing Processes II


Machine Tools and Machining:
Basic machine tools like centre lathe, milling machine, and drilling machine – construction and kinematics;
machining processes - turning, taper turning, thread cutting, drilling, boring, milling, gear cutting, thread production, grinding;

geometry of single point cutting tools, chip formation, cutting forces, specific cutting energy and power requirements, Merchant’s analysis;
basis of selection of machining parameters; tool materials, tool wear and tool life,

Economics of machining, thermal aspects of machining, cutting fluids,
machinability;

Jigs and fixtures – principles, applications, and design


Non-traditional Manufacturing: Principles, applications, effect of process
parameters on MRR and product quality of non-traditional machining processes –
USM, AJM, WJM, AWJM, EDM and Wire cut EDM, LBM, EBM, PAM, CHM, ECM.


Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD – geometric modeling,
CAM – CNC and robotics – configurations, drives and controls, Group Technology
and its applications – CAPP, cellular manufacturing and FMS.

Engineering Mathematics - - GATE 2019 Mechanical Syllabus - Section 1



Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, limit, continuity and differentiability, mean value theorems, indeterminate forms; evaluation of definite and improper integrals; double and triple integrals; partial derivatives, total derivative, Taylor series (in one and two variables), maxima and minima, Fourier series; gradient, divergence and curl, vector identities, directional derivatives, line, surface and volume integrals, applications of Gauss, Stokes and Green’s theorems.

Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear); higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients; Euler-Cauchy equation; initial and boundary value problems; Laplace transforms; solutions of heat, wave and Laplace's equations.

Complex variables: Analytic functions; Cauchy-Riemann equations; Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula; Taylor and Laurent series.

Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability, sampling theorems, conditional probability; mean, median, mode and standard deviation; random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions.

Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules; single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

Applied Mechanics and Design - GATE 2019 Mechanical Syllabus Section 2



Section 2: Applied Mechanics and Design

Engineering Mechanics: Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of particles and of rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations, collisions.

Mechanics of Materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler’s theory of columns; energy methods; thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with universal testing machine; testing of hardness and impact strength.

Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of linkages; cams; gears and gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope.

Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, effect of damping; vibration isolation; resonance; critical speeds of shafts.

Machine Design: Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N diagram;   principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints; shafts, gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches, springs. 

Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences - 2019 GATE Mechanical Enginering Syllabus Section 3

Section 3: Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences
Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy, forces on submerged bodies, stability of floating bodies; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli’s equation; dimensional analysis; viscous flow of incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow, flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends and fittings.
Heat-Transfer: Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept and electrical analogy, heat transfer through fins; unsteady heat conduction, lumped parameter system, Heisler's charts; thermal boundary layer, dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, heat transfer correlations for flow over flat plates and through pipes, effect of turbulence; heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods; radiative heat transfer, Stefan- Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law, black and grey surfaces, view factors, radiation network analysis.
Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances, behaviour of ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work and heat in various processes; second law of thermodynamics; thermodynamic property charts and tables, availability and irreversibility; thermodynamic relations.
Applications: Power Engineering: Air and gas compressors; vapour and gas power cycles, concepts of regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel and dual cycles. Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air, psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes. Turbomachinery: Impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams, Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines.

Metal Cutting and Cutting Tools



From S.B. Mathur, A Course in Mechanical Engineering (Conventional & Objective)

Types of Cutting Tools

Orthogonal cutting and Oblique Cutting

Cutting-tool Nomenclature

Cutting Forces

Tool Wear

Principal Cutting Materials



Notes

Types of Cutting Tools

Orthogonal cutting and Oblique Cutting

Cutting-tool Nomenclature

Cutting Forces

Tool Wear

Principal Cutting Materials

1. Carbon steels
2. Medium alloy steels
3. High speed steels
4. Cemented carbide
5. Stellites
6. Ceramics
7. Diamond
8. Abrasives

Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering - GATE 2019 Mechanical Syllabus



Section 4: Materials, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering

Engineering Materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials.

Casting, Forming and Joining Processes: Different types of castings, design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design. Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy. Principles of welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding.

Machining and Machine Tool Operations: Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes; principles of work holding, design of jigs and fixtures.

Metrology and Inspection: Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators; gauge design; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools.

Production Planning and Control: Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning.

Inventory Control: Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems.

Operations Research: Linear programming, simplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM.



Links to Notes on the topics

Engineering Materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials.

Casting, Forming and Joining Processes: Different types of castings, design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design. Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy. Principles of welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding.

Machining and Machine Tool Operations: Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes; principles of work holding, design of jigs and fixtures.

Metrology and Inspection: Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators; gauge design; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools.

Production Planning and Control: Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning.

Inventory Control: Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems.

Operations Research: Linear programming, simplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM.

Friday, April 5, 2019

Machine Design Books



Mechanical Design of Machine Elements and Machines: A Failure Prevention Perspective

Jack A. Collins, Henry R. Busby, George H. Staab
John Wiley & Sons, 2010 - Technology & Engineering - 890 pages

Chapter 1 Keystones of Design: Materials Selection and Geometry Determination Chapter 2 The Failure Prevention Perspective Chapter 3 Materials Selection Chapter 4 Response of Machine Elements to Loads and Environments; Stress Strain, and Energy Parameters Chapter 5 Failure Theories Chapter 6 Geometry Determination Chapter 7 Design-Stage Integration of Manufacturing and Maintenance Requirements Chapter 8 Power Transmission Shafting; Couplings, Keys, and Splines Chapter 9 Pressurized Cylinders; Interference Fits Chapter 10 Plain Bearings and Lubrication Chapter 11 Rolling Element Bearings Chapter 12 Power Screw Assemblies Chapter 13 Machine Joints and Fastening Methods Chapter 14 Springs Chapter 15 Gears and Systems of Gears Chapter 16 Brakes and Clutches Chapter 17 Belts, Chains, Wire Rope, and Flexible Shafts Chapter 18 Flywheels and High-Speed Rotors Chapter 19 Cranks and Crankshafts Chapter 20 Completing the Machine Appendices Index.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=909-5C4eyUkC